Which Russian tsar is known for introducing Western languages and technologies and moving the capital to St. Petersburg?

The Russian tsar recognized for introducing Western languages and technologies, as well as relocating the capital to St. Petersburg, is Peter the Great. His reign from 1682 to 1725 was characterized by significant efforts to modernize Russia, which included extensive reforms in military, government, and cultural institutions aimed at bringing Russia in line with Western European practices.

Peter's establishment of St. Petersburg as the new capital in 1703 symbolized his commitment to these reforms and represented a "window to the West." The city was designed to reflect European architectural styles and urban planning, emphasizing his desire to integrate with and emulate Western culture and technology. Moreover, Peter the Great's policies encouraged the learning of Western languages, fostering connections with other European nations. His efforts fundamentally transformed Russian society and set the foundation for its future engagement with Europe.