Which of the following individuals wrote the 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church?

The 95 Theses were written by Martin Luther in 1517 as a response to certain practices of the Catholic Church, particularly the sale of indulgences, which were payments made to the Church with the promise of reducing punishment for sins. Luther's document outlined his grievances and sparked the Protestant Reformation, a significant movement that challenged the authority and practices of the Catholic Church and led to the establishment of various Protestant denominations.

Luther's bold action of posting the Theses on the church door in Wittenberg is often seen as the beginning of the Reformation. His writings emphasized salvation through faith alone and the authority of Scripture, rather than Church traditions or papal authority. This pivotal moment in history not only reshaped religious beliefs but also had lasting effects on politics, culture, and society in Europe.

The other individuals mentioned had different roles in the context of the Reformation or were significant figures in their own right, but they did not author the 95 Theses. John Calvin was a reformer who further developed Reformed theology, Henry VIII was known for his role in the English Reformation and the establishment of the Church of England, and Desiderius Erasmus was a humanist who criticized the Church but did not create the same kind of