Which ancient civilization is known for its location in the Andes of Peru during the years 1200-1500 AD?

The Incas are known for their remarkable civilization that thrived in the Andes of Peru between 1200 and 1500 AD. They established a vast empire that stretched across western South America, with significant achievements in agriculture, architecture, and engineering. The Incas built impressive structures, such as Machu Picchu, and developed an extensive road system to connect their territories.

Their society was highly organized, with a centralized government that coordinated labor and resources, which allowed them to manage complex agricultural practices in the challenging mountainous terrain. The Incas also had a sophisticated system of communication, notably the use of quipus, which were knotted strings that recorded information.

In contrast, the Aztecs inhabited central Mexico and were prominent in the same era but were not located in the Andes. The Maya civilization was primarily based in Central America and existed earlier, known for their city-states and advanced calendar systems. The Olmecs were one of Mesoamerica's earliest civilizations, preceding both the Maya and Aztecs, and did not reach the same period or location as the Incas. Thus, the recognition of the Incas' distinct geographical location and cultural achievements makes them the correct answer in this context.