What was the event that led to the separation of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church in 1054 CE?

The event that led to the separation of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church in 1054 CE is known as the Great Schism. This significant division was characterized by a variety of theological, cultural, and political differences between the two branches of Christianity. The schism was marked by mutual excommunications and disputes over papal authority, the nature of the Holy Spirit, and other doctrinal issues.

During this period, the Roman Catholic Church, centered in Rome, and the Eastern Orthodox Church, centered in Constantinople, grew apart due to a range of factors including language differences, differing practices, and political tensions. The Great Schism allowed each church to solidify its own identity and theological foundations, which shaped the course of Christian history in subsequent centuries.

The other options — the Protestant Reformation, the Council of Nicaea, and the Avignon Papacy — relate to different contexts and events in Christian history. The Protestant Reformation occurred much later, in the 16th century, and involved a movement against certain practices and doctrines of the Catholic Church. The Council of Nicaea, held in 325 CE, addressed Christological disputes but did not result in a division between Catholic and Orthodox churches. The Avignon Papacy