What type of source provides information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event?

A secondary source is defined as a source that interprets, analyzes, or summarizes information about an event or topic based on primary sources or other secondary sources. These sources are typically created by individuals who did not directly experience the events or circumstances being described; instead, they rely on the information gathered from those who were present. This distinct separation allows secondary sources to provide context, critique, and a broader perspective on historical events, cultural artifacts, or topics in social studies.

In contrast, primary sources are firsthand accounts or original documents created at the time of the event by participants or witnesses. Oral histories involve personal testimonies from individuals regarding their experiences but still fall under the realm of primary sources if they recount direct experiences. Historical records encompass a range of documentation and can include both primary and secondary materials. Therefore, a secondary source accurately fits the definition provided in the question.