What political theory of ancient China allowed rulers to govern based on divine approval?

The Mandate of Heaven is a significant political theory in ancient China that established the divine right of rulers to govern. According to this belief, the emperor's authority to rule was granted by Heaven, which was seen as a supreme force overseeing human affairs. This mandate was contingent upon the ruler's ability to govern wisely and justly; if a ruler became tyrannical or failed to fulfill their duties, they could lose the Mandate, which would justify rebellion and the rise of a new leader. This concept played a crucial role in legitimizing dynastic rule and was used to explain the rise and fall of various dynasties in ancient Chinese history.

Other options do not reflect the same divine justification for rulership. The Law of Nature pertains more to natural rights and justice systems rather than divine approval. The Philosophy of Virtue emphasizes moral conduct and ethical governance without specifically referencing divine sanction. Celestial Order suggests an organization of the universe but lacks the direct connection to rulership found in the Mandate of Heaven.