What historical figure is associated with the belief that communism would eventually replace capitalism?

The historical figure most closely associated with the belief that communism would eventually replace capitalism is Karl Marx. Marx theorized that society progresses through various stages of economic development, ultimately arriving at a communist society after a transition through socialism. He argued that the inherent contradictions within capitalism—such as class struggle between the bourgeoisie (owners of production) and the proletariat (the working class)—would lead to a revolutionary change, paving the way for communism. This foundation is laid out in his seminal works, notably "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital," where he elaborates on the dynamics of capitalism and the inevitable rise of a classless society.