What does Amendment 4 protect individuals from?

Amendment 4 of the United States Constitution protects individuals from unreasonable search and seizure by the government. This amendment establishes the principle that people have a right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against arbitrary intrusion by law enforcement or government officials. This protection ensures that searches and seizures conducted by authorities must be reasonable and, in most cases, supported by a warrant obtained through probable cause. The intent of the amendment is to safeguard the privacy and personal security of citizens, requiring that any governmental invasion of privacy is justified and legally sanctioned.

While the other amendments listed address important rights, they fall under different protections. Involuntary servitude is handled by the 13th Amendment, self-incrimination is protected under the 5th Amendment, and the prohibition of excessive bail is covered by the 8th Amendment. Each of these amendments provides critical safeguards in different contexts, but it is the 4th Amendment that specifically addresses issues of search and seizure.